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Scottish High Court of Justiciary Decisons


You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> Scottish High Court of Justiciary Decisons >> Watt v. Procurator Fiscal, Elgin [2007] ScotHC HCJAC_05 (12 January 2007)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/scot/cases/ScotHC/2007/HCJAC_5.html
Cite as: 2007 SCCR 70, 2007 SLT 464, [2007] HCJAC 05, [2007] ScotHC HCJAC_5, [2007] HCJAC 5, [2007] ScotHC HCJAC_05, 2007 GWD 6-87

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APPEAL COURT, HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY

 

Lord Justice General

Lord Osborne

Lord Johnston

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[2007] HCJAC 5

Appeal No: XJ956/05

 

OPINION OF THE COURT

 

delivered by THE LORD JUSTICE GENERAL

 

in

 

APPEAL

 

by

 

STATED CASE

 

by

 

EDWARD WATT,

Appellant;

 

against

 

THE PROCURATOR FISCAL, Elgin

Respondent:

 

_______

 

 

 

Act: Shead; Gilfedder & McInnes, Edinburgh

Alt: A. Mackay, A.D.; Crown Agent

 

12 January 2007

 

[1] In March 2003 there was served on the appellant a summary complaint charging him with having on 2 May 2002 assaulted a male and a female complainer. After a trial which took place on three dates between September 2004 and February 2005 he was convicted on both charges. He was fined £100 and ordered to make a compensation payment of £400.

[2] In the course of the proceedings the appellant had presented two devolution minutes, the first contending in substance that the prosecutor, having failed to secure that certain CCTV footage was preserved for use in evidence, was acting ultra vires in proceeding against him and the second contending in substance that, the appellant having been cautioned and charged with the relative offences on 2 May 2002, the prosecutor was acting ultra vires in seeking a conviction in February 2005. The sheriff, having heard argument, refused to allow either devolution minute to be lodged, taking the view that in each case it came too late.

[3] Following his conviction the appellant sought to appeal against it. He timeously applied for a stated case and in his application specified a number of matters which he sought to bring under review. These comprised (1) a contention that the sheriff had erroneously refused to allow the devolution minutes to be received, (2) that he ought to have held that (a) the evidence of the complainers was inadmissible, (b) the trial was unfair and oppressive given the absence of the CCTV camera footage and (c) a submission of no case to answer was well-founded, (3) that the decision to convict was one that no reasonable sheriff, properly directing himself, could have made and (4) that, accordingly, the sheriff was not entitled to convict upon the evidence before him. The stated case was duly adjusted, adjustments being proposed by each party. The principal stated case was signed and delivered to the appellant's solicitor in June 2005.

[4] The questions posed by the sheriff were:

"(1) On the argument presented ought I to have rejected the Devolution Minute? If not, was there a miscarriage of justice?

(2) Was it unfair to proceed to trial in the absence of the CCTV tapes and if so ought I to have found the Appellant Not Guilty?

(3) If not, on the facts stated, was I entitled to convict?"

(It seems likely that there is a clerical error in the first of these questions which ought properly to apply to both Minutes).

Unqualified leave to appeal was granted by a single judge in July 2005.

[5] After sundry procedure there has been presented to this court a document headed "Grounds of Appeal". It is in the following terms:

"1. The Crown failed to disclose all relevant information to the defence before the trial. In particular the Crown failed to provide a copy of the relevant CCTV recording or at least a summary of its contents, a record of the 999 call or a summary of its contents and the previous convictions of the complainer Kenneth Russell. The failure to do so deprived the appellant of the opportunity to prepare and present his case to its proper extent. That being so in seeking conviction the Lord Advocate, through the Procurator Fiscal, was acting incompatibly with the appellant's right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6(1). Such an act was ultra vires. Reference is made to section 57(2) of the Scotland Act 1998.

Separatim. Esto the Crown was unable to produce the material referred to the appellant was nevertheless denied a fair trial because he was prevented from presenting his defence to its proper extent. In seeking conviction the Lord Advocate, through the Procurator Fiscal, was acting incompatibly with the appellant's right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6(1). Such an act was ultra vires. Reference is made to section 57(2) of the Scotland Act 1998.

Separatim, The failure to disclose the previous convictions referred to was a failure which denied the appellant the fair trial to which he was entitled. It is understood that the complainer gave evidence which was apt to suggest that he did not have a violent past. The decision to seek a conviction in the circumstances was accordingly an act which was incompatible with the right to a fair trial. Such an act was ultra vires. Reference is made to the preceding paragraphs.

2. The appellant was entitled to a fair trial. It was the duty of the presiding Sheriff to ensure that the trial was fair. In the circumstances referred to he ought to have acquitted the appellant or at least deserted the trial simpliciter.

3. The appellant was denied his right to trial within a reasonable time guaranteed by Article 6(1). In seeking conviction the Lord Advocate, through the Procurator Fiscal, was acting incompatibly with the right referred to. Such an act was ultra vires. Reference is made to section 57(2) of the Scotland Act 1998.

4. The Sheriff misdirected himself on the approach that should have been taken to the devolution minutes before him. In the stated case the Sheriff gives his reasons for refusing to entertain argument on the merits of the minutes. Reference may be made to pages 4 & 10. It is submitted, that standing the importance of the issues raised in the minutes, it was incumbent on the Sheriff to hear full argument to ensure that the appellant had the fair trial to which he was entitled.

In any event it is submitted that the Sheriff erred in the exercise of his discretion. Properly understood there was no good reason why the Sheriff should have exercised his discretion against the interests of the appellant.

5. In any event the Sheriff erred in his consideration of the evidence and in particular he failed to consider the defence case properly. By way of example he has failed to explain how he approached the question of self defence by reference to the evidence led which might have been apt to support the defence or at least raise a reasonable doubt about the Crown case. In addition he has not sought to explain how he was able to accept the evidence of the complainers despite their having given statements to the police which were inconsistent with the evidence given.

He makes reference to the fact that the underpass was not on the appellant's route home despite there being no evidence on which to make such a finding.

Separatim. The appellant is entitled to a reasoned judgment. The observations of the Sheriff do not suggest that he has applied his mind properly to this requirement.

By way of example reference might be made to page 10 of the stated case. In dealing with the appellant's evidence the Sheriff made the following observations:

'Had the Appellant impressed me more perhaps I would have found for him, given that which had befallen the potential evidence as it must might possibly have had some relevance.'

The only question for the Sheriff was whether the appellant's evidence raised a reasonable doubt in his mind as to his guilt on either or both charges.

Separatim. The way in which the stated case has been set out does not suggest that the Sheriff has applied his mind properly to all the evidence which was led.

Accordingly there has been a miscarriage of justice."

[6] While the expression "grounds of appeal" is used in the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 in relation to proceedings by stated case from conviction on complaint as well as in relation to proceedings on indictment (see sections 180 and 187), the relationship between the document presented and the statutory arrangements for review of convictions on complaint is far from evident.

[7] It is, however, clear that certain of the matters referred to in the "Grounds of Appeal" are already raised in the stated case, having been contained within the application made by the appellant under section 176 of the Act. These are the matters in paragraph 1 of the "grounds of appeal" in so far as they concern the CCTV recording, in paragraph 3 (trial within a reasonable time), in paragraph 4 (the disposal of the devolution minutes) and in paragraph 5 in so far as they relate to the general treatment of the appellant's plea of self-defence. New matters in that last paragraph are the complaints (1) that "[the sheriff] has not sought to explain how he was able to accept the evidence of the complainers despite their having given statements to the police which were inconsistent with the evidence given", (2) that there was no evidence on which the sheriff was entitled to find that the underpass was not on the appellant's route home and (3) that the sheriff did not provide a reasoned judgment. None of these matters was raised in the application for a stated case, nor in any adjustments proposed to it nor in amendments which were in April 2005 proposed to the application and to the stated case. The only cause that was advanced to us for these omissions was that, in relation to the last of them, a view could not be formed until the case was finally settled and signed. In relation to paragraph 1, while reference is made in the stated case to a 999 call (to the Ambulance Service), no issue was taken before the sheriff in relation to any non-disclosure of that matter. Non-disclosure of previous convictions of the appellant appears to be a new matter; although no attempt was made before us to show cause for entertaining that issue at this time, we are prepared to proceed on the basis that there was cause for its not being taken earlier.

[8] Section 175 of the Act provides that any person convicted on summary proceedings may, with the leave of the court, appeal against his conviction. Section 182(3) provides that, "except by leave of the court on cause shown, it shall not be competent for an appellant to found any aspect of his appeal on a matter not contained in his application under section 176(1) of the Act ... ". We are prepared to treat the document headed "Grounds of Appeal" as if it were an application for leave under section 182(3) and to grant that application in respect of (1) the matter of the previous convictions of the (male) complainer and (2) the matter as to whether the sheriff has provided a reasoned judgment. Although neither of these is reflected in a question in the stated case, that has not prevented the court on occasion from disposing of an appeal in accordance with the interests of justice (see, for example, Marshall v Smith 1983 SCCR 156). In relation to the matters which we have identified above as already having been included in the application for a stated case we refuse the application as unnecessary. Quoad ultra we refuse to grant leave to the appellant to found any aspect of his appeal on any matter contained in the "Grounds of Appeal".

[9] In our view it is clear that, where a case has been stated and there subsequently arise matters upon which an appellant wishes to rely, he should promptly make an application to the court under section 182(3) for the relevant leave. That should be done in writing in a document headed "Application under Section 182(3) of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995" and setting out clearly and succinctly the basis upon which the application is made. The document should be lodged in court and intimated to the Crown sufficiently far in advance of the day on which leave is to be sought, so as to allow to the court and to the Crown time to give it mature consideration.

 


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